The Long Walk | |
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First edition cover |
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Author(s) | Richard Bachman |
Country | United States |
Language | English |
Genre(s) | Science fiction-Horror |
Publisher | Signet Books |
Publication date | July 1979 |
Media type | Print (Paperback) |
Pages | 384 |
ISBN | 978-0451087546 |
Preceded by | Rage |
Followed by | Roadwork |
The Long Walk is a novel by Stephen King published under the pseudonym Richard Bachman in 1979 as a paperback original. It was collected in 1985 in the hardcover omnibus The Bachman Books, and has seen several reprints since, as both paperback & hardback. Set in a near future, the plot revolves around the contestants of a gruelling walking contest, held annually by a somewhat despotic and totalitarian version of the United States of America. In 2000 the American Library Association listed The Long Walk as one of the 100 best books for teenage readers published between 1966 and 2000.[1] Stephen King has revealed that it is the first novel he ever wrote, begun eight years before Carrie was published in 1974, when he was a freshman at the University of Maine in 1966-67.[2]
Contents |
One hundred teenage boys participate in an annual walking contest called "The Long Walk," which is the "national sport". Each Walker must maintain a speed of at least four miles per hour; if he drops below that speed for 30 seconds, he receives a verbal warning (which can be erased by walking for one hour without being warned). If a Walker with three warnings slows down again, he is "ticketed." The meaning of this term is intentionally kept vague at first, but it soon becomes clear that "buying a ticket" means to be shot dead by soldiers riding in half-tracks along the roadside. Walkers may be shot immediately for certain serious violations, such as trying to leave the road or attacking the half-track. The soldiers use electronic equipment to precisely determine a Walker's speed.
The event is run by a character known as "The Major," who is implied to have much power, stemming from a possible military or fascist state system. The Major appears at the beginning of the Walk to encourage the boys and start them on their way, and then occasionally thereafter. While the Walkers initially greet him with awe and respect, they eventually realize their admiration is misplaced and ridicule him in later appearances.
The Walk begins at the Maine/Canada border and travels the east coast of the United States until the winner is determined. There are no stops, rest periods, or established finish line, and the Walk does not pause for any reason (including bad weather or darkness); it ends only when one Walker is left alive. According to the rules, the Walkers can obtain aid only from the soldiers. They may request a canteen of water at any time, and food concentrates (apparently similar to the ones developed by NASA's space program) are distributed at 9:00 every morning. Walkers may bring anything they can carry, including food or additional footwear, but cannot receive aid from bystanders. They are allowed to have bodily contact with onlookers as long as they stay on the road. While they cannot physically interfere with one another to detrimental effect, they can help each other, provided they stay above four miles per hour.
The winner receives "The Prize": anything he wants for the rest of his life.
It is implied that many past winners have died soon after the Walk, due to its hazardous mental and physical challenges. The Long Walk is not only a physical trial, but a psychological one, as the Walkers are continually pressed against the idea of death and their mortality. Contestants have actually tried to crawl at 4 mph to survive after their legs gave out. The story has several characters who suffer mental breakdown, one of whom kills himself by tearing out his throat, and most characters experience some mental degeneration from the stress and lack of sleep.
The protagonist of the novel is Raymond Davis Garraty, a 16-year-old boy from the town of Pownal in Androscoggin County, Maine. Early on, Ray falls in with several other boys—including Peter McVries, Arthur Baker, Hank Olson, Collie Parker, Pearson, Harkness, and Abraham—who refer to themselves as "The Musketeers." Another Walker—Gary Barkovitch—quickly establishes himself as an external antagonist, as he quickly angers his fellow walkers with multiple taunts of "dancing on their graves." This results in the death of a fellow walker, Rank, who is ticketed while trying to injure Barkovitch. Lastly, the most alluring and mysterious Walker is a boy named Stebbins. Throughout the Walk, Stebbins establishes himself as a loner, observing the ground beneath him as he listens to fellow Walkers' complaints, seemingly unaffected by the mental and physical strains. The only character Stebbins truly interacts with is Ray Garraty. In one conversation, Garraty alludes to Alice in Wonderland, likening Stebbins to the Caterpillar. Stebbins, however, corrects him: he believes himself to be more of a White Rabbit type.
Along the road, the Walkers learn that one of their number, a kid named Scramm — who is initially the heavy odds-on favorite to win the Walk — is married. When Scramm gets pneumonia, the remaining Walkers agree that the winner will use some of the Prize to take care of his pregnant widow, Cathy.
Members of the public interfering with the Walkers can receive an "Interference" ticket. This nearly occurs when the mother of a Walker named Percy tries, on several occasions, to get onto the road and find her son (at her last attempt, he has already been killed for attempting to sneak away). Only the intervention of the local police keeps her from being executed. The second instance is when a spectator's dog runs across the road in front of the Walkers and is shot. However, one man is able to throw the Walkers watermelon slices before being hauled away by the police rather than the soldiers; several Walkers receive third warnings after taking the watermelon, but none of them are shot.
Garraty becomes closest to Peter McVries, a boy with a prominent facial scar who speculates that his own reason for joining the Walk is a subconscious death wish. When Garraty suffers a charley horse and comes within two seconds of being killed, McVries keeps him talking and distracted long enough to drop a warning, saving his life.
After five days and hundreds of miles, the Walk eventually comes down to Garraty and Stebbins, who revealed to Garraty and McVries earlier that day, that he is the illegitimate son of the Major. Stebbins states he used to think the Major was unaware of his existence, but it turns out that the Major has numerous illegitimate children nationwide. Four years earlier, the Major took Stebbins to the finish of a Long Walk, and now Stebbins feels that the Major has set him up to be "the rabbit" in the race. That is, just as greyhounds in dog races need a rabbit to motivate them to run faster, Stebbins will spur the others to walk farther and make the race more entertaining. Stebbins's plan, upon winning the Walk, is to ask that his prize be to be "taken into [his] father's house." At the end of the book, having gone farther than any Long Walk in history - the Long Walkers reached Massachusetts for the first time in seventeen years - Garraty decides to give up after realizing that Stebbins has shown almost no weaknesses over the duration of the Walk. Garraty catches up with Stebbins to tell him this, but before he can speak, Stebbins grabs his shirt, says "Oh, Garraty!", collapses and dies; thus Garraty is declared the winner.
Unaware of the celebration going on around him, Garraty gets up from Stebbins's side and walks on. He sees a jeep coming towards him, but thinks it a trespassing vehicle, and does not realize that in it is the Major coming to award him the victory. Garraty walks past the jeep towards a hallucination of a dark figure, not far ahead, beckoning Garraty to him. The figure is familiar to Garraty, but he does not recognize it. He decides to get closer to find out which of the walkers he has yet to walk down. While the crowd cheers his name, Garraty walks on unhearing, trying to identify the dark figure. When a hand, possibly the Major's, touches his shoulder, Garraty shakes it off impatiently. The figure beckons him to come and play the game, telling him to get started, that there is still far to walk. Unseeing now, Garraty walks towards the figure. When the hand reaches for his shoulder again, Garraty somehow finds the strength to run.
The dark figure Garraty sees beckoning him onward at the end of the Long Walk is never identified. Plausible explanations (implied from passages in the book) include :
The Walk takes place in a contemporary alternate history United States, as can be deduced from several references; "the German air-blitz of the American East Coast during the last days of World War II," a quote about the "New Hampshire Provo Governor, a man known for having stormed the German nuclear base in Santiago nearly single handed back in 1953.", Henry Aaron hitting 739 home runs, and the date of April 31.
The details of ordinary life are intentionally left vague. However, bits and pieces of information can be gleaned from the boys' conversations. Evidently there was some kind of dictatorial military takeover of the government, although it's never clear if it was internal or external, or if "The Major" was its leader, or just one of the participants. Garraty's father once referred to the Major as "a society-supported sociopath," and made other remarks critical of the government, which apparently led to his disappearance and implied death.
There is a reference to 51 states, but at other times states are referred to as "regions". The governor is referred to as a "Provo governor". References to "Squads" are made. The Squads can take people away for many offenses, including speaking out against the Walk or trying to back out of it if chosen to participate. The term "squadded" has become a slang word for a murder or hidden state execution. Civil rights are clearly restricted, and racism is still rampant (at one point, one of the main characters refers to a black contestant as "nigger"). An activity called "night riding" is prohibited.
The entire concept of the Long Walk seems to be of "bread and circuses", a deliberate attempt by the unseen rulers to placate the masses, glorify obedience and sacrifice to the nation, while simultaneously breaking down their spirits. A comment is made that millionaires no longer exist in this society.
Each chapter of The Long Walk begins with an ironic passage, such as the catchphrase of a prominent game show, an excerpt from the Count from Sesame Street, or John F. Kennedy's remark that walking is a good form of exercise.
The asterisk (*) indicates that the Walkers were mentioned dead at the same time, meaning that there is no way to determine exact order. (Note: Most "Reasons of Death" indicated with a "?" resulted from a Walker dropping below 4 mph too often.)
Order | Name | Number | Reason for Death |
---|---|---|---|
1. | Curley, ? | No. 7 | Charley horse |
2. | Ewing, ? | No. 9 | Blisters |
3. | Unknown boy | No. ? | Slowed down too often |
4. | Zuck, ? | No. 100 | Excessive bleeding from scraped knee |
5. | Travin, ? | No. ? | Slowed by diarrhoea, shot when sitting down to empty bowels |
6. | Fenter, ? | No. 12 | Foot cramp |
7. | Larson, ? | No. 60 | Fatigue - sat down and couldn't get back up |
8. | Unknown boy | No. ? | ? |
9. | Toland, ? | No. ? | Fainted |
10. | Quincy/Quinten | No. ? | ? |
11. | Unknown boy | No. ? | ? |
12. | Unknown boy | No. ? | ? |
13. | Baker, James | No. 4 | ? |
14. | Rank, ? | No. ? | Fighting with Barkovitch, fell down and got up dazed |
15. | Unknown boy | No. ? | ? |
16. | Unknown boy | No. ? | ? |
17. | Unknown boy | No. 45 | Fell down |
*18. | Unknown boy | No. ? | ? |
*19. | Unknown boy | No. ? | ? |
*20. | Unknown boy | No. ? | ? |
*21. | Unknown boy | No. ? | ? |
*22. | Unknown boy | No. ? | ? |
*23. | Unknown boy | No. ? | ? |
*24. | Unknown boy | No. ? | ? |
*25. | Davidson, ? | No. 8 | ? |
26. | Unknown boy | No. ? | ? |
27. | Unknown boy | No. ? | ? |
28. | Yannick, ? | No. 98 | ? |
29. | Unknown boy | No. ? | Convulsions |
30. | Gribble, ? | No. 48 | Blue balls |
31. | Harkness, ? | No. 49 | Fatigue- "Burnt out" |
32. | ?, Percy | No. 31 | Tried to escape into the woods |
33. | Unknown boy | No. ? | ? |
34. | Unknown boy | No. ? | ? |
*35. | Wayne, ? | No. 94 | ? |
*36. | Unknown boy | No. ? | ? |
37. | Morgan, Frank | No. 64 | ? |
38. | Unknown boy | No. ? | ? |
39. | Unknown boy | No. 38 | Feet run over by escorting half-track. |
40. | Unknown boy | No. ? | ? |
*41. | Tressler, ? | No. 92 | Sunstroke |
*42. | Unknown boy | No. ? | Convulsion |
*43. | Aaronson, ? | No. 1 | Cramps in both feet |
*44. | Wallace | No. ? | Sunstroke |
45. | Unknown boy | No. ? | ? |
46. | Unknown boy | No. ? | ? |
47. | Unknown boy | No. ? | ? |
48. | Jensen, ? | No. ? | Panic & blundered off the road due to hailstorm |
49. | Harkness | No. ? | Fainted |
50. | Fenum, Roger | No. 13 | Fainted |
51. | Unknown boy | No. ? | ? |
52. | Unknown boy | No. ? | ? |
53. | Olson, Hank | No. 70 | Shot while attempting to hijack escorting half-track |
54. | Unknown boy | No. ? | ? |
55. | Unknown boy | No. ? | ? |
56. | Unknown boy | No. ? | ? |
57. | Unknown boy | No. ? | ? |
58. | Unknown boy | No. ? | ? |
*59. | Scramm, ? | No. 85 | Pneumonia/sat down |
*60. | ?, Mike | No. ? | Stomach cramps/sat down |
61. | ?, Joe | No. ? | ? |
62. | Unknown boy | No. ? | ? |
63. | Gallant, ? | No. ? | ? |
64. | Milligan, ? | No. ? | Severe headache from cheering |
65. | Unknown boy | No. ? | ? |
66. | Unknown boy | No. ? | ? |
67. | Quince, Harold | No. ? | ? |
68. | Barkovitch, Gary | No. 5 | Ripped out his own throat |
*69. | Unknown boy | No. ? | ? |
*70. | Unknown boy | No. ? | ? |
*71. | Unknown boy | No. ? | ? |
*72. | Unknown boy | No. ? | ? |
*73. | Unknown boy | No. ? | ? |
*74. | Pearson, ? | No. ? | Vomiting; shot that night |
75. | Field, Charlie | No. ? | ? |
76. | Unknown boy | No. ? | ? |
*77. | Klingerman, ? | No. 59 | Appendicitis |
*78. | Unknown boy | No. ? | ? |
*79. | Unknown boy | No. ? | ? |
80. | Tubbins, ? | No. ? | Insanity |
81. | Unknown boy | No. ? | ? |
82. | Parker, Collie | No. ? | Shot after attempting to hijack escorting half-track |
83. | Wyman, Marty | No. 97 | Lay down |
84. | Sledge, Bobby | No. ? | Tried to escape into the crowd |
85. | Unknown boy | No. ? | ? |
86. | Unknown boy | No. ? | ? |
*87. | Unknown boy | No. ? | ? |
*88. | Unknown boy | No. ? | ? |
*89. | Unknown boy | No. ? | ? |
*90. | Unknown boy | No. ? | ? |
91. | Abraham, ? | No. 2 | Fever-induced fatigue |
92. | Pastor, Bruce | No. ? | ? |
93. | Unknown boy | No. ? | ? |
94. | Fielder, George | No. ? | Insanity |
95. | Hough, Bill | No. ? | ? |
96. | Rattigan, ? | No. ? | ? |
97. | Baker, Art | No. 3 | Hemorrhage |
98. | McVries, Peter | No. 61 | Sat down |
99. | Stebbins, ? | No. 88 | Sudden death due to fatigue |
100. | Garraty, Ray | No. 47 | Winner; possible insanity or death |
All Walkers receive a handbook of sorts that included "hints" and "rules", and several are featured prominently in the novel:
Each year, thousands of teenage boys apply to take part in the Long Walk. Applicants are put through a series of tests, including an essay in which they explain why they believe themselves qualified to participate. Those who pass are entered into a lottery drawing that is broadcast nationwide on television, well before the Walk begins. Two hundred names are drawn, with 100 classified as "Prime Walkers" (first picks to participate) and 100 as backups; however, no announcements are made at this time as to which is which.
There are several chances to withdraw from the process, spread out between the time that applicants learn whether they have passed the tests and the start of the Walk. If someone does withdraw, the first available backup Walker (based on the order in which names were drawn) is moved up to take his place. Notifications as to Prime or backup status are not sent out until the final withdrawal deadline, which is the day before the Walk begins.
On the morning of May 1, the Walkers gather at the starting point, where soldiers check them in and give them canteens and food supplies. The Major greets them and assigns each one a number from 1 to 100 in alphabetical order by last name; each Walker is given a placard with his number, which he must wear taped to his clothes. The soldiers refer to Walkers only by their numbers throughout the course of the event. At exactly 9:00, the Major signals for the Walk to start.
Frank Darabont has secured the rights to the film adaptation of the novel.[3] He said that he would "get to it one day". He plans to make it low-budget, "weird, existential, and very self contained".[4]